Sugarcane
Sugarcane Overview
Sugarcane is a large grass and the source of sugar. When the early Polynesians traveled to Hawaii in their canoes, they brought sugarcane with them. Their general name for this plant was “ko,” but they had names for 40 different varieties.
The first commercial sugarcane plantations in Hawaii were started in 1835 on the island of Kauai. By the end of the 19th century, sugar was “king” in Hawaii. A century later, the sugar industry had fallen due to increasing land and labor costs.
Sugarcane is grown for two years and then harvested just before it blooms. The fields are first burned and then cut down. The burned stems are crushed in a sugar mill and the juice is then cooked.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is sugarcane native to Hawaii?
No, sugarcane was brought to Hawaii by early Polynesians. They called it "ko" and cultivated many different varieties.
When did commercial sugarcane farming begin in Hawaii?
The first commercial sugarcane plantation started in 1835 on the island of Kauai. It marked the beginning of Hawaii’s sugar industry.
How is sugar extracted from sugarcane?
After harvest, sugarcane stalks are crushed in a mill to extract the juice, which is then boiled and processed into sugar crystals.
Why are sugarcane fields burned before harvest?
The fields are burned to remove dry leaves and make the stalks easier to cut and transport to the mill for processing.