Triggerfishes
Triggerfishes (Balistidae) Overview
Hawaii's state fish, the wedgetail triggerfish (known as humuhumunukunukuapua'a in the Hawaiian language) is a common sight on Hawaii's reefs. Humuhumu means “to stitch pieces together” and nukunukuapua'a means “nose like a pig.” It is also commonly known as Picasso triggerfish.
Triggerfishes are named for the uncommon arrangement of their first two dorsal spines. The first one is thick and strong and can be lifted up and locked into place by the shorter second spine, called the trigger.
When a triggerfish feels threatened, it disappears into a hole or crevice and raises and locks this main dorsal spine. Like this it is difficult to extract the fish from its hiding place. They have small but strong jaws and mouths and a bite can be very painful. There are 10 species of triggerfish in Hawaiian waters.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Hawaii’s state fish?
Hawaii’s official state fish is the wedgetail triggerfish, known locally as humuhumunukunukuapua‘a. The name translates to “fish with a snout like a pig.”
Why are they called triggerfish?
Triggerfish are named for the unique locking mechanism of their dorsal spines. The first spine locks into place and is “triggered” down by the second smaller spine when they feel safe again.
Are triggerfish aggressive?
While generally not dangerous, triggerfish can become aggressive if they feel threatened, especially when guarding their nests. They may nip divers or snorkelers who get too close.
Where can I see triggerfish in Hawaii?
Triggerfish are commonly seen on shallow reefs around all the Hawaiian islands. Look for them in crevices or darting over coral during the day.
How many types of triggerfish are found in Hawaii?
There are 10 species of triggerfish in Hawaiian waters, including the humuhumu, pinktail triggerfish, and the black triggerfish.