Squirrelfishes and Soldierfishes
Squirrelfishes and Soldierfishes (Holocentridae) Overview
Most squirrelfishes and soldierfishes are red in color. They are nighttime predators with large black eyes and a forked tail fin.
Squirrelfishes have one more backward pointing spines on their gill covers. Most of them have horizontal, silver-colored stripes. When approached, squirrelfish often times make clicking sounds while nervously swimming around. The Hawaiian name for squirrelfish is 'ala'ihi.
Soldierfishes don't have stripes. They have more rounded snouts and deeper bodies. Most of them also don't have backward pointing spines on their gill covers. They also make grunting sounds when they are disturbed and nervous. Their Hawaiian name is 'u'u.
About 19 holocentridae species inhabit Hawaiian waters, some of which are can be found only in deeper waters. The name holocentridae means “all spiny,” which describes these fishes well.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between squirrelfish and soldierfish?
Squirrelfish typically have horizontal silver stripes and backward-pointing spines on their gill covers. Soldierfish have deeper bodies, rounded snouts, no stripes, and usually lack those gill spines.
Are squirrelfish and soldierfish active during the day?
No, they are nocturnal predators. During the day, they hide in crevices and under ledges, becoming active at night to hunt for small invertebrates.
Why do these fish make clicking or grunting sounds?
These sounds are defensive behaviors. Squirrelfish make clicking noises and soldierfish grunt when disturbed, likely to warn others or startle predators.
Are these fish found throughout Hawaii?
Yes, about 19 species from the Holocentridae family inhabit Hawaiian waters, with some species commonly seen near reefs and others in deeper ocean zones.
Are squirrelfish and soldierfish edible?
Yes, they are edible and sometimes caught for food, though they are more appreciated for their bright colors and presence on Hawaii's reefs than as a food source.