Hawaii Marine Life Guide
Porcupinefishes
Porcupinefishes are spiny reef fish that can puff into a round, hard-to-swallow ball when threatened. In Hawaii, they are called kokala and were sometimes honored as 'aumakua, or family guardian spirits.
Porcupinefishes in Hawaii
Porcupinefishes are unusual reef fish known for their sharp spines and round shape when threatened. When calm, their spines lie flatter against the body. If a predator comes too close, the fish can inflate by taking in water, making itself much larger and harder to swallow.
In Hawaii, porcupinefishes are called kokala. In old Hawaii, some families honored them as 'aumakua, or family guardian spirits. That cultural meaning makes this already memorable reef fish even more special.
Spines, Poison and Defense
A porcupinefish uses several defenses at once. Its body can puff up like a ball, its spines stand out, and it also contains tetrodotoxin, a powerful poison. People should never handle, eat, poke or try to make one inflate.
Even with these defenses, porcupinefishes still have predators. Tiger sharks may prey on them, showing how strong and adaptable sharks can be.
Safe Viewing
Porcupinefishes usually move slowly and rely more on protection than speed. This makes them interesting to watch, but they should always be given space. Making one inflate for a photo stresses the fish and uses energy it needs to stay safe.
If you see a porcupinefish while snorkeling or diving, watch quietly and let it move naturally. Related pages include the Hawaii fish guide, pufferfishes, boxfishes, filefishes and Hawaii beach safety tips.
